4. Are men and women in agreement about a gender-balanced workplace? Use α = .05 — How have the roles working changed America many jobs held has advertising

How have the roles of working women changed in America? How many of the jobs in America are held by women? How has advertising refocused their ads to influence the 31% of women who are the primary breadwinners in their family? The latest numbers put women’s share of the 130.2 million jobs in America at 49.8%. Mya Frazier has examined the role of working women in her white paper article “The Reality of the Working Woman: Her Impact on the Female Target Beyond Consumption.”22 The information that follows is adapted from a quantitative study of 1136 men and 795 women conducted April 7–14, 2010 by JWT and Advertising Age and discussed in her paper.

1. Is there a significant difference in the proportions of men and women who identify themselves as the primary breadwinner in the family? Use α = .05.

2. Is there a significant difference between men and women with respect to which facet of their lives produced the most anxiety during the recent economic downturn? Use α = .05.

3. Does the proportion of women from each of the Millennial, Gen X or Boomer generations differ in their ability to separate their work lives from their personal lives? Use α = .05.

4. Are men and women in agreement about a gender-balanced workplace? Use α = .05.

5. Summarize the results of parts 1–4 as a written report of your findings.

SOLUTION

1.

The contingency table to test for a difference in the proportions of men and women who identify themselves as the primary breadwinner is shown below.

Chi-Square Test: You, Spouse/Other, Equal

Expected counts are printed below observed counts

Chi-Square contributions are printed below expected counts

The test statistic, X2 = 25.614 is highly significant with p-value = .000. The null hypothesis of independence of classifications is rejected, and we conclude that there is a significant difference in the proportions of men and women who identify themselves as the primary breadwinner.

2.

The contingency table to test for a difference between men and women with respect to which facet of their lives produced the most anxiety during the recent economic downturn is shown below.

Chi-Square Test: Finances, Out of Work, Family, Relationships, Health